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History
of Delhi
Human
habitation was probably
present in and around
Delhi during the second
millennium BCE and before,
as evidenced by archeological
relics. The city is
believed to be the site
of Indraprastha, capital
of the Pandavas in the
Indian epic Mahabharata.
Settlements grew from
the time of the Mauryan
Empire (c. 300 BC).
Remains of seven major
cities have been discovered
in Delhi. The Tomara
Rajput dynasty founded
the city of Lal Kot
in 736 AD. The Chauhan
Rajput kings of Ajmer
conquered Lal Kot in
1180 AD and
renamed it Qila Rai
Pithora. The Chauhan
king Prithviraj III
was defeated in 1192
by the Afghan Muhammad
Ghori. In 1206, Qutb-ud-din
Aybak, the first ruler
of the Slave Dynasty
established the Delhi
Sultanate. Qutb-ud-din
started the construction
the Qutub Minar and
Quwwat-al-Islam (might
of Islam), the earliest
extant mosque in India.
After the fall of the
Slave dynasty, a succession
of Turkic and Central
Asian dynasties, the
Khilji dynasty, the
Tughluq dynasty, the
Sayyid dynasty and the
Lodhi dynasty held power
in the late medieval
period, and built a
sequence of forts and
townships that are part
of the seven cities
of Delhi. Delhi was
a major center of Sufism
(a mystic tradition
of Islam) during the
Sultanate period. In
1526, Zahiruddin Babur
defeated the last Lodhi
sultan in the First
Battle of Panipat and
founded the Mughal Empire
that ruled from Delhi,
Agra and Lahore. The
Mughal Empire ruled
northern India for more
than three centuries,
with a five-year hiatus
during Sher Shah Suri's
reign in the mid-16th
century. Mughal emperor
Akbar shifted the capital
from Delhi to Agra.
Shah Jahan built the
seventh city of Delhi
that bears his name
(Shahjahanabad), and
is more commonly known
as the old city or old
Delhi. The old city
served as the capital
of the Mughal Empire
since 1638. In 1761,
Ahmed Shah Abdali raided
Delhi after the Third
battle of Panipat.
Delhi
came under direct British
control after the Indian
Rebellion of 1857. Shortly
after the Rebellion,
Calcutta was declared
the capital of British
India and Delhi was
made a district province
of the Punjab. In 1911,
Delhi was again declared
as the capital of British
India. Parts of the
old city were pulled
down to create New Delhi;
a monumental new quarter
of the city designed
by the British architect
Edwin Lutyens to house
the government buildings.
New Delhi, also known
as Lutyens' Delhi, was
officially declared
as the seat of the Government
of India and the capital
of the republic after
independence on 15 August
1947. During the partition
of India thousands of
Hindu and Sikh refugees
from West Punjab and
Sindh migrated to Delhi.
Migration to Delhi from
the rest of India continues,
contributing more to
the rise of Delhi's
population than the
birth rate, which is
declining.
In
1984, the assassination
of Indira Gandhi (Prime
Minister of India) led
to violent backlash
against the Sikh community,
resulting in over two
thousand seven hundred
deaths. The Constitution
(Sixty-ninth Amendment)
Act, 1991 declared the
Union Territory of Delhi
to be formally known
as National Capital
Territory of Delhi.
The Act gave Delhi its
own legislative assembly,
though with limited
powers.
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