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Silent Valley National Park

Silent Valley National Park is a National Park in Palakkad district, Kerala, India. It is located in the Kundali Hills of the Western Ghats. It is locally known as 'Sairandhrivanam'. The park is called Silent Valley because of a perceived absence of noisy cicadas. It is a relatively small national park with an area of 89 km². The park is one of the last representative tracts of tropical evergreen forest in India, which has survived the influence of man. The park is very important to biologists and other researchers due to its rich biodiversity. New plant and animal species are being discovered here every year. Rare bird species found here include Ceylon Frogmouth, Great Indian Hornbill, and the Nilgiri Laughing thrush. The elusive and rare Lion-tailed Macaque is also found here. The mean annual rainfall is over 3000 mm.

The park became the focal point of India's s fiercest environmental debate in the late 1970s and early 1980s, when the Kerala State Electricity Board decided to build a dam across the river Kunthi that runs through the valley. Since then a long-term conservation effort has been undertaken to preserve the Silent Valley ecosystem.

Trekking in the park requires special permits from the Kerala State Forest department. The nearest town is Mannarkkad.

Geography

Silent Valley is rectangular in shape with a width of around 7 kilometers (in east-west direction) and a length of 12 kilometers. It is separated from the eastern and northern high altitude plateaus (the nilgiris plateau) by high continuous ridges. To the south the park gradually slopes downwards to the Palakkad plains and to west irregular ridges bound it. The altitude of the park ranges from 658 m to 2383 m, but most of the park lies within the altitude range of 880 m to 1200 m. Throughout the 15 kilometer length of the park, the Kuntipuzha drains the area and flows in a North-South direction. Kuntipuzha divides the park into a narrow eastern sector of width 2 kilometers and a wide western sector of 5 kilometers. Most of its larger tributaries join Kunthipuzha from the east Silent Valley gets copious amounts of rainfall during the monsoons, but the actual amount varies within the region due the varied topography. In general the rainfall is higher at higher altitude and decreases from the west to east due to the rain shadow effect. Eighty per cent of the rainfall occurs during the southwest monsoon between June and September. It also receives significant amount of rainfall during the northeast monsoon between October and November. The mean annual rainfall ranges from 4500 mm in the west to around 3200 mm in the eastern side of the park. The mean annual temperature is 20.2 C. The hottest months are April and May when the mean temperature is 23 C and the coolest months are January and February when the mean temperature is 18 C. Because of the high rainfall, the relative humidity is consistently high (above 95%) between June and December

The park borders the scenic Mukurthi National Park in Tamil Nadu towards its northeast.

According to national geographic channel

As I tried to change the angle of sight in my attempt at making the Langur stop appearing as a silhouette, I realised that this was not the common species that we were accustomed to seeing in north India. This was our first sighting of the Nilgiri Langur! It was a fascinating sight. I almost felt like I was watching a negative before getting a print made out of it. The areas black in a common langur were white in this species and vice-versa. It appeared larger too, although I suspected that this was more due to its colouration. As we approached, trying to make as little noise as possible, no sooner had the leader of the group spotted us that they all vanished like ghostly forms floating across the treetops of the Silent Valley National Park.

The bus journey from Pallakad to Mannarkad and then on to Mukkali was one full of apprehension for me. I was absolutely brimming with excitement as I expected this visit to be very different from those to other wildlife reserves. This was the only remaining evergreen rainforest left in the area. In my mind I thanked the many people, like Dr. Salim Ali, who fought a long battle to convince the authorities of this forest's importance. If it hadn't been for them, we would today have been deprived from seeing the most fascinating jungle in the country. Instead we would have been visiting a hydroelectric power plant. It was declared a national park as late as 1984.

Even as you approach Mukkali, which is still some distance from the main entrance to the park, you can see the changes taking place in the vegetation on the surrounding hills. As you gain altitude rapidly with one hairpin bend followed by another, you notice the jungle and specially the undergrowth getting a lot denser. The leaves seem to get larger as you approach the park. The variety of birds you see also increases with every bend in the road. I was lucky to spot a huge Giant Malabar Squirrel basking in the sun on an exposed branch of a tree below us. On entering the main park, you have no doubts whatsoever that this is a very unique jungle and nothing like the others one is used to visiting.

Due to its inaccessibility, the forest here has survived without much influence by man. Due to this, it is still a scientist's and researcher's dream come true. Every year new plant species are being discovered and the presence of many unexpected birds realised. For the normal visitors like us, the park is open from 6am to 6pm. The ideal period for visiting the park is between the months of December and April. For most of the rest of the year, it rains. To describe it better, it pours. The average annual rainfall is over 3000mm and there are some spots that receive even up to 4500mm. The only ways to visit the park are by jeep and a mini bus belonging to the wildlife department. Exciting treks are also organised by the authorities but prior permission needs to be taken from the concerned State departments.

We were almost deprived of accommodation once again due to a senior state government official and his party arriving the next day. Luckily for us the officer in charge of the park was an excellent and understanding person who other than sharing fascinating information about the park with us, also gave us a place to stay on the condition that we would vacate it by 8am the next day. Phew!

Silent Valley is famous for its population of the rare Lion Tailed Macaque. Besides this it also hosts healthy numbers of Tigers, Leopards, Elephants, Gaur (Indian Bison), Leopard cats, Jungle cats, Fishing cats, Civets, Mongoose, Wild dogs, Sloth beer, Otter, Flying Squirrels, Malabar Giant Squirrels, Indian Pangolins, Porcupines, Wild boars, Sambar deer, Spotted deer, Barking deer and Mouse deer. Just like its vegetation, it also boasts of rare bird species such as the Ceylon Frogmouth, Black Crested Baza, Shaheen Falcon and the Nilgiri Laughing Thrush among 170 species found there. It is also home to over 100 species of butterflies and 400 species of moths.

One confusing fact we learnt - one that we were unable to clarify before we left - was that foreigners are not allowed entry into the park. We sure were glad there were no restrictions for us! We left Silent Valley the next day swearing that we would soon return with trekking permissions to explore as much of its fascinating 90 sq km as is possible. For the time being we had to leave with sad hearts but with the exciting prospect of our reaching our next destination, the Indira Gandhi National Park, more commonly known as "Topslip".

 

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