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Sikkim
wildlife tourism
The
diversity in the plant
world is complemented
by a similar variety
in the animal kingdom.
As if this wasn't enough
600 species of butterflies
and 600 species of birds
adorn the forest with
colour and song. Among
the more commonly found
animals in the alpine
zone are yaks. They
are domesticated and
reared in North Sikkim
mainly for their economic
productiveness. Yak
milk is used to make
butter 'churpi' the
wool comes in handy
as raw material for
carpets and blankets.
The musk deer, found
in the upper temperate
regions, is today a
species in the endangered
list.. A common denizen
of Sikkim is the muntjac,
or the barking deer.
It is so called because
of the barking noise
it makes when alarmed
Among the more exotic
mammals is the Red Panda
which lives mostly on
treetops. It is found
at altitudes ranging
from 6,000 to 12,000
feet. The snow leopard
is an almost mythical
animal. It has rarely
been sighted and to
date, only two field
zoologists have succeeded
in photographing this
elusive animal in its
habitat which can vary
from 5,000 feet to as
high as 18,000 feet.
Blue sheep, flying squirrels,
binturong, tahrs, marmots
and mush deer are at
home in this cool blanket
of green.
Most
of this beautiful and
virgin area comes under
the Kanchenjunga National
Park. Sikkim also has
large cardamom, orange
and tea plantations.
The rivers of Sikkim
have trout, salmon and
carp. Fishing is allowed
with a permit. |
Wildlife
National Parks |
Kanchendzonga
National Park
This
is
spread across an area
of 850sq km, and is
the largest wildlife
reserve in Sikkim. The
third highest peak on
the planet – the
Kanchendzonga, straddles
the western boundary
of the park, from which
the reserve gets its
name. The reserve also
includes the vast Zemu
Glacier. Situated in
such an inaccessible
expanse, the region
has remained untouched
to quite a large extent.
In
fact it said that a
large area of the park
remains yet unexplored
by man! The reserve
is home to the snow
leopard, Himalayan black
bear, Tibetan antelope,
wild ass, barking deer,
musk deer, flying squirrel
and the red panda who
live in blissful isolation
amongst giant magnolias,
rhododendrons and pine
forests. Entry to the
park remains restricted
to mountaineers and
to more serious expeditions.
If interested, contact
a local travel agent
in Gangtok for the permit
and other formalities.
|
Fambong
Lho Wildlife Sanctuary
Closer
home, 15km from Gangtok
lies the Fambong Lho
Wildlife Sanctuary.
The reserve sprawls
across an area of 5,200ha,
and one of its boundaries
also fringes the Tashi
Viewpoint. The sanctuary
supports a large variety
of birds and butterflies
along with a population
of leopards, red pandas,
civet cats and the Himalayan
black bear.
North Sikkim has the
little Singba Rhododendron
Sanctuary.
This
beautiful reserve covers
a small area of 33ha,
and is easily the best
place to see more than
20 different species
of rhododendrons endemic
to Sikkim. The sanctuary
also has a small population
of tigers, civets and
some birds, including
the beautiful blood
pheasant that is the
state bird of Sikkim.
The best time to visit
the sanctuary is from
April to July, when
the rhododendrons are
in full bloom and the
sanctuary turns into
a riot of colours.
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Maenam
Wildlife Sanctuary
Southern
Sikkim has the Maenam
Wildlife Sanctuary,
spread across 3,500ha
of land. The temperate
forest is home to the
red panda, leopard,
black eagle and civet
cat amongst other animals
and birds found in the
region.
The 3,260ft high Maenam
Peak also lies within
the confines of the
reserve. Rabongla is
the closest town to
the Sanctuary.
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Kyongnosla
Alpine Sanctuary
Adjoining
the Changu Lake, the
400ha Kyongnosla Alpine
Sanctuary is at a distance
of 36km from Gangtok.
This highland sanctuary
supports a fascinating
array of rhododendrons,
primroses, poppies and
a variety of wild flowers.
The reserve is home
to the gravely endangered
musk deer, red panda,
Himalayan black bear,
serow (long-haired goat)
and some species of
pheasants. Unrestrained
development and construction
is taking a toll on
the area, as landslides
and deforestation become
more common than ever
before. Sadly, the seemingly
formidable alpine region
is most vulnerable to
such mindless environmental
degradation.
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Flora
and fauna
Sikkim
is situated in an ecological
hotspot of the lower
Himalayas, one of only
three among the Ecoregions
of India. The forested
regions of the state
exhibit a diverse range
of fauna and flora.
Owing to its altitudinal
gradiation, the state
has a wide variety of
plants, from tropical
to temperate to alpine
and tundra, and is perhaps
one of the few regions
to exhibit such a diversity
within such a small
area.
The
flora of Sikkim includes
the rhododendron, the
state tree, with a huge
range of species occurring
from subtropical to
alpine regions. Orchids,
figs, laurel, bananas,
sal trees and bamboo
in the lower altitudes
of Sikkim, which enjoy
a sub-tropical type
climate. In the temperate
elevations above 1,500
metres, oaks, chestnuts,
maples, birchs, alders,
and magnolias grow in
large numbers. The alpine
type vegetation includes
juniper, pine, firs,
cypresses and rhododendrons,
and is typically found
between an altitude
of 3,500 metres to 5,000
m. Sikkim boasts around
5,000 flowering plants,
515 rare orchids, 60
primulas species, 36
rhododendrons species,
11 oaks varieties, 23
bamboos varieties, 16
conifer species, 362
types of ferns and ferns
allies, 8 tree ferns,
and over 424 medicinal
plants. The orchid Dendrobium
nobile is the official
flower of Sikkim.
fauna includes the snow
leopard, the musk deer,
the Bhoral, the Himalayan
Tahr, the red panda,
the Himalayan marmot,
the serow, the goral,
the barking deer, the
common langur, the Himalayan
Black Bear, the clouded
leopard, the Marbled
Cat, the leopard cat,
the wild dog, the Tibetan
wolf, the hog badger,
the binturong, the jungle
cat and the civet cat.
Among the animals more
commonly found in the
alpine zone are yaks,
mainly reared for their
milk, meat, and as a
beast of burden.
The
avifauna of Sikkim is
comprised of the Impeyan
pheasant, the crimson
horned pheasant, the
snow partridge, the
snow cock, the lammergeyer
and griffon vultures,
as well as golden eagles,
quail, plovers, woodcock,
sandpipers, pigeons,
Old World flycatchers,
babblers and robins.
A total of 550 species
of birds have been recorded
in Sikkim, some of which
have been declared endangered |
ANIMALS |
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Amongst
the mammals of Sikkim
are the rare Snow Leopard,
Himalayan Black Bear,
Red panda, Musk Deer
and Blue Sheep.
Birdlife
is abundant with Giant
Lammergeier, Vultures,
Eagles, Whistling Thursh,
Minivets, Bulbuls and
Pheasants among the
550 species to be seen
in Sikkim.
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